关于url``base64``blob互转

1. url 转 base64

原理： 利用canvas.toDataURL的API转化成base64

function urlToBase64(url) {
      return new Promise ((resolve,reject) => {
        let image = new Image();
        image.onload = function() {
          let canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
          canvas.width = this.naturalWidth;
          canvas.height = this.naturalHeight;
          // 将图片插入画布并开始绘制
          canvas.getContext('2d').drawImage(image, 0, 0);
          // result
          let result = canvas.toDataURL('image/png')
          resolve(result);
        };
        // CORS 策略，会存在跨域问题https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20424279/canvas-todataurl-securityerror
        image.setAttribute("crossOrigin",'Anonymous');
        image.src = url;
        // 图片加载失败的错误处理
        image.onerror = () => {
          reject(new Error('urlToBase64 error'));
      };
    }

调用

let imgUrL = `http://XXX.jpg`
urlToBase64(imgUrL).then(res => {
  // 转化后的base64图片地址
  console.log('base64', res)
})

2.base64 转 blob

原理：利用URL.createObjectURL为blob对象创建临时的URL

方法一

function base64ToBlob ({b64data = '', contentType = '', sliceSize = 512} = {}) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    // 使用 atob() 方法将数据解码
    let byteCharacters = atob(b64data);
    let byteArrays = [];
    for (let offset = 0; offset < byteCharacters.length; offset += sliceSize) {
      let slice = byteCharacters.slice(offset, offset + sliceSize);
      let byteNumbers = [];
      for (let i = 0; i < slice.length; i++) {
          byteNumbers.push(slice.charCodeAt(i));
      }
      // 8 位无符号整数值的类型化数组。内容将初始化为 0。
      // 如果无法分配请求数目的字节，则将引发异常。
      byteArrays.push(new Uint8Array(byteNumbers));
    }
    let result = new Blob(byteArrays, {
      type: contentType
    })
    result = Object.assign(result,{
      // 这里一定要处理一下 URL.createObjectURL
      preview: URL.createObjectURL(result),
      name: `XXX.png`
    });
    resolve(result)
  })
 }

调用

let base64 = base64.split(',')[1]
base64ToBlob({b64data: base64, contentType: 'image/png'}).then(res => {
  // 转后后的blob对象
  console.log('blob', res)
})

方法二

base64ToBlob(base64Data) {
    let arr = base64Data.split(','),
        fileType = arr[0].match(/:(.*?);/)[1],
        bstr = atob(arr[1]),
        l = bstr.length,
        u8Arr = new Uint8Array(l);

    while (l--) {
        u8Arr[l] = bstr.charCodeAt(l);
    }
    return new Blob([u8Arr], {
        type: fileType
    });
},

调用

3. blob 转 base64

原理：利用fileReader的readAsDataURL，将blob转为base64

blobToBase64(blob) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const fileReader = new FileReader();
    fileReader.onload = (e) => {
      resolve(e.target.result);
    };
    // readAsDataURL
    fileReader.readAsDataURL(blob);
    fileReader.onerror = () => {
      reject(new Error('blobToBase64 error'));
    };
  });
}

调用

blobToBase64(blob).then(res => {
  // 转化后的base64
  console.log('base64', res)
})

可以用于在浏览器上预览本地图片或者视频

function getWebUrl(file){
    let url = null ;
    if (window.createObjectURL!=undefined) { // basic
        url = window.createObjectURL(file) ;
    } else if (window.URL!=undefined) { // mozilla(firefox)
        url = window.URL.createObjectURL(file) ;
    } else if (window.webkitURL!=undefined) { // webkit or chrome
        url = window.webkitURL.createObjectURL(file) ;
    }
    return url;
}